Here are some key Library of Congress subject headings about Islamic Theology. The list below is just a sampling and not exhaustive.
Islam - Doctrines (Used for former heading Islamic Theology (Kalam)
- Apostasy from Islam
- Forgiveness
- Heresy, heresies, heretics
- History of theology
- Ikhwan al-Safa, (Brothers of Purity or Sincerity)
- Islamic cosmology
- Islamic Ethics
- Islamic philosophers
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- Averroes, 1126-1198 (Ibn Rushd)
- Avicenna, 980-1037 (Ibn Rushd)
- Al-Basri, Hasan, 641 or 642-728 or 729
- Farabi.
- Ghazzali, 1058-1111
- Ibn al-Arabi, 1165-1240
- Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad, 994-1064
- Ibn Miskawayh, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, d. 1030
- Nasafi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, 1203/4-1288/9
- Suhrawardi, Yahya ibn Habash, 1152/3-1191
- Tusi, Nasir al-Din, 1201-1274
- Kufr (Islam)
- Pastoral theology (Islam)
- Shiites - Theology. Doctrine.
- Special schools and movements or sects
- Asharites. Ash'ariyah.
- Bareelly School.
- Deoband School.
- Hanafite.
- Hanbalite.
- Integrism.
- Kharijah, Kharijites
- Malikite.
- Murji'ah, Murjites
- Islamic modernism.
- Maturidiyah.
- Mutazilah, Mutazilites
- Shafiite.
- Usuliyah.
- Zahirah, Zahirites
- Special Doctrines
- God. Unity of God.
- Creation. Cosmology. Cosmogony.
- Atomism.
- Fatalism. Determinism. Predestination.
- Prophets. Prophecy.
- Revelation.
- Man.
- Mediation between God and man. Shafa'ah.
- Salvation.
- Eschatology. Future life.
- Spirit world. Angels, demons, jinn, devil.
- Works in defense of Islam. Islamic apologetics.